Understanding Plant Hardiness Zones

You might've noticed when it comes to talking about plants that we sometimes include a zone number. That number is important because it helps you better determine what plants will not only grow, but thrive in your area. Check out this helpful map and corresponding legend from the USDA to figure out which zone you're located in.

Attracting Hummingbirds

Hummingbirds are attracted to a bird garden habitat:

• Make fresh water available for drinking and bathing. 
• Provide both sun and shade areas. Hummingbirds need shade to perch and to build their tiny nests. 
• Hummingbirds may become reliant on your garden. When there are no blossoms, provide hummingbird feeders hung 30 feet apart throughout your garden. The best color for a feeder is red. 
• Fill feeders with a sugar-water mix of one part sugar to four parts water. 
• Keep feeders clean and filled. 
• Never use honey that can develop a fungus fatal to hummingbirds. 
• Hummingbirds are attracted to flower colors and nectar, not fragrances.

Favorite Flowers—Perennials

Bee balm .................. Monarda didyma 

Butterfly weed......Ascelpias tuberosa 

Columbine........................Aquilegia sp. 

Coral bells ......... Heuchera sanguinea 

Cosmos...............................Cosmos sp. 

Dahlia.....................................Dahlia sp. 

Delphinium...........Delphinium elatum 

Foxglove ................................... Digitalis 

Fuchsia.......................................Fuchsia 

Geranium....................Pelargonium sp. 

Hollyhock........ Althea rosea (biennial) 

Lupine..........................Lupinus hybrids 

Penstemon.................... Penstemon sp. 

Red Hot Poker ........ Kniphofia uvaria 

Sage ..............................Salvia officinalis 

Speedwell...................Veronica hybrids

Favorite Flowers—Annuals

Mountain garland ...... Clarkia elegans 

Touch-me-not ................ Impatiens sp. 

Flowering tobacco .... Nicotiana alata 

Nasturtium............Tropaeolum majus 

Petunia..........................Petunia hybrids 

Spider flower ....... Cleome hasslerana 

Zinnia.....................................Zinnia sp. 

Verbena .............................. Verbena sp.

Bulbs, Corms and Tubers

Tuberous begonia............. Begonia sp. 

Canna.....................................Canna sp. 

Gladiolus .......................... Gladiolus sp. 

Iris.................................................Iris sp. 

Montbretia..................... Crocosmia sp.

Vines

Bougainvillea..............Bougainvillea sp. 

Cardinal climber..Ipomoea quamoclit 

Honeysuckle......................Lonicera sp. 

Lantana...............................Lantana sp. 

Rosary Vine.............. Ceropegia woodii 

Trumpet vines.....Campsis grandiflora

Shrubs and Trees

Abelia........................Abelia grandiflora 

Azalea ...................... Rhododendron sp. 

Bottlebrush....Callistemon lanceolatus 

Butterfly bush ............Buddleia davidii 

Cotoneaster............... Cotoneaster sp. 

Eucalyptus......................Eucalyptus sp. 

Flowering quince.....Chaenomeles sp. 

Fuchsia.................Fuchsia arborescens 

Hibiscus..............................Hiviscus sp. 

Lilac ...................................... Syringa sp. 

Weigela.......................... Weigela rosea

The New York Botannical Garden: Creating a Bird Garden

Creating a bird garden is a wonderful way to attract birds to your yard. The best way to create a bird garden is to provide birds with what they need: shelter, food, water, and places to nest.

• Shelter:
  Birds need shelter to protect them from predators and the elements. In the winter, they need protection from snow, and during the year they seek refuge from heavy rain, wind, and predators.
• Food:
  Plants supply birds with a large part of their diet, from seeds and fruits to providing a home for the insects that many birds feed on.
• Water: Birds need water for drinking and bathing. Smaller birds tend to bathe in 1/2 inches of water, while larger birds prefer a 2-inch depth. You can build a small garden pond, buy a birdbath from a garden center, or place a large, shallow dish of water in your garden.
• Nesting Sites:Birds have different requirements for nesting sites.  Some birds like to build their nests in evergreens (such as pine or spruce), while others prefer deciduous trees (such as oak, birch, apple and ash), where they can make their homes either in the intersections of large branches or in cavities in tree trunks. Shrubs that are not too dense or thinly branched often make good homes for bird nests. However, plants such as rhododendrons and viburnums do not have the three-way forks in their branch structure that can support a nest.  While these shrubs offer important shelter and food for birds, they do not provide a suitable nesting site.

Designing a Bird Garden

• Design your garden with varying layers--tall trees, medium-size shrubs and perennials & ornamental grasses. This will accommodate many different types of birds.
• Plant your garden to provide shelter for birds. Planting evergreens on the northern side of your property will protect birds from cold northerly winds while allowing sunlight into the south side of the garden.
• Plant perennials and smaller shrubs in groups of threes, fives, or sevens to create a more natural look and to cover an area that birds can easily find and use. If you plant only one shrub that produces berries, for example, the berries may be decimated after birds' first visit.
• Variety is important -- select a range of plants that provide food at different times of the season and attract a variety of bird species.
• Create a dust bath in a sunny spot near the area where your birds feed. Sparrows in particular love to spend hours playing on dusty ground, and they are entertaining to watch.
• Although it is important to rake the leaves on your lawn to prevent turf die-off, do not remove leaf litter in your perennial beds or under your shrubs. These leaves will compost and provide important nutrients to the soil. They will also be a haven for many of the insects that birds feed on.
• Create a brush pile at the edge of your property, starting with your old Christmas tree and any fallen branches from trees and shrubs. Create a 6-foot-long pile with loosely stacked branches. Brush piles provide cover for birds and attract insects to their decaying branches.

PLANTS THAT ATTRACT BIRDS

Trees

Botanical Name	Common Name	Attractor
Abies sp.	firs	shelter and nesting
Acer sp.	maples	fruit or seeds
Betula sp.	birches	fruit or seeds, shelter and nesting
Cornus sp.	dogwoods	fruit or seeds
Ilex sp.	hollies	fruit or seeds
Juniperus sp.	junipers/red cedars	fruit or seeds, shelter and nesting
Malus sp.	apples and crabapples	fruit or seeds
Picea sp.	spruces	fruit or seeds, shelter and nesting
Pinus sp.	pines	fruit or seeds, shelter and nesting
Prunus sp.	cherries	fruit or seeds
Quercus sp.	oaks	shelter and nesting
Sorbus sp.	mountain ash	fruit or seeds
Tsuga sp.	hemlocks	shelter and nesting

Shrubs

Botanical Name	Common Name	Attractor
Alnus sp.	alders	nesting
Amelanchier sp.	shadbush	fruit or seeds
Ilex sp.	hollies	fruit or seeds
Juniperus sp.	junipers	shelter
Leucothoe sp.	leucothoes	shelter
Myrica sp.	bayberry	fruit or seeds
Rhododendron sp.	rhododendrons	shelter
Rhus sp.	blackberries	fruit or seeds
Rosa sp.	roses	nesting
Spiraea sp.	spireas	nesting
Syringa sp.	lilacs	nesting
Taxus sp.	yews	nesting
Vaccinium sp.	blueberries	fruit or seeds
Viburnum sp.	viburnums	fruit or seeds

Perennials and Annuals

Botanical Name	Common Name	Attractor
Aster sp.	aster	seeds and nectar
Coreopsis sp.	coreopsis, tickseed	seeds and nectar
Cosmos sp.	cosmos	seeds and nectar
Echinacea sp.	coneflowers	seeds and nectar
Eupatorium sp.	Joe-pye weed	seeds and nectar
Helianthus sp.	sunflowers	seeds and nectar
Liatris sp.	blazing star	seeds and nectar
Rudbeckia sp.	black-eyed Susans	seeds and nectar
Sedum sp.	sedums	seeds and nectar
Solidago sp.	goldenrod	seeds and nectar
Tagetes sp.	marigolds	seeds and nectar
Vernonia noveboracensis	New York ironweed	seeds and nectar
Zinnia sp.	zinnias	seeds and nectar

Homemade Bird Feeder

It's not a plant, but a bird feeder can provide supplementary food for your bird garden. Here is a recipe for a simple one:

• Mix 1 cup of peanut butter with 1/4 cup of honey.
• Spread this mixture on a pine cone or bagel.
• Roll the pine cone or bagel in birdseed.
• Add a piece of yarn, and hang the feeder from a tree.

Source: http://libguides.nybg.org/birdgarden?hs=a

Explore the Benefits of Raised Beds

• Fewer weeds and easier weed control

• Better water retention

• Better drainage than New York’s hardpan

• Greater growing depth for plants

• Warmer soil earlier in the season, and warmer soil for a longer season

• Relatively neutral and sterile soil

• Less soil erosion

• Offers a non-compacted soil (not walked on!)

• Reduces the need to use poor native soil

• Offers a chance to go all the way around the bed, for less wear and tear on the body

• Can produce 1.4–2 times more vegetables per square foot

• Provides a gardening opportunity for the handicapped or similarly disabled

• Can be used for any plants, including ornamentals, vegetables and fruits

Optimal widths are 3–4 feet, with lengths up to 20 feet.
Wood, rock, or concrete blocks can be used.
Optimal height is 8–24 inches.
A foundation of rubble can be advantageous to aid in drainage.
Soil should be enriched with fair amounts of com- post. 

Space plants in geometric patterns to decrease the number of weeds that can grow.
Companion planting is encouraged!

Rabbit Resistent Plants

No plants can be said to be rabbit proof. Rabbits eat virtually anything, and most plants are especially vulnerable when young. However, there are some plants which rabbits generally avoid. We have drawn on several sources to provide the suggestions listed here.

In general, rabbits are discouraged by very aromatic plants, prickles and spines, and tough, leathery leaves.

Shrubs

Barberry 

Blue Mist Spirea 

Boxwood 

Broom 

Cotoneaster 

Daphne 

Dogwood

Elder 

Holly 

Rhododendron 

Rose 

Russian Olive 

Russian Sage 

St. John’s Wort 

Snowberry 

Sumac 

Yew 

Yucca

Perennials & Annuals

African Daisy 

Agastache 

Anemone 

Autumn Cross 

Columbine 

Daffodils 

Feverfew 

Foxglove 

Gaillardia 

Geranium (Perennial)

Helleborus

Hyacinth 

Iris 

Lavender 

Lead Plant 

Ligularia 

Lily of the Valley 

Lupine

Monkshood 

Penstemon 

Peony 

Poppy

Red Hot Poker 

Rosemary 

Salvia 

Santolina

Sea Holly 

Sedum 

Silvermound 

Snowdrops 

Solomon’s Seal 

Spurge

Tansy 

Thyme 

Wormwood 

Zinnia

Image source: 
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Cottontail_Rabbit_in_West_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_4.jpg